Business Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business Ethics - Case Study Example Mike, who is the loss prevention and security manager and has been working in the retail store for more than ten years, has noticed that a diamond studded watch is missing. Mike has ruled out external theft, after studying the videotapes by the closed-circuit TV on that fateful day. The relevant facts in this particular case are: The decision to fire Todd just because he failed a lie detector is not enough grounds to dismiss him, unless if there is new and substantial evidence, implicating Todd, that could be helpful in dismissing Todd. The primary stakeholders in this case are; Susan the human resources manager, Mike-the loss prevention/ security manager and Todd the salesperson. The possible alternatives in this case include forgetting the whole issue about firing Todd and retaining him and his duties just like before. The other alternative could be having a candid discussion with Todd and making him confess out of his own volition. If this happens, the human resources could then take the necessary measures that are suitable in dismissing Todd in a decent procedural manner that will not bring any legal proceedings against the retail store. The ethics of the alternative is that everything will be carried out in the right legal way instead of using information that can be challenged in a court of law. The other employees will thus feel they are not being victimized and that their employer is in sync with their situation. It will also help save the retail store face and make the employees more confident in their jobs and the retail shop in general. The practical constraint to this whole scenario is the issue of bringing Todd to confess to having stolen the watch. This could be really hard, since as any other employee, Todd wants to retain his job. The issue of also proving that Mark stole the watch is quite hard, being the fact that there are no witnesses ready to testify against Todd. The closed circuit camera footages are also not able to show

Life And Work Of Barbara Baer Capitman History Essay

Life And Work Of Barbara Baer Capitman History Essay Barbara Baer Capitman, whose vision and persistence helped to turn a rundown area of Miami Beach into a vibrant Art Deco historic district, died of congestive heart failure on Thursday at Mount Sinai Medical Center in Miami Beach. She was 69 years old and suffered from diabetes and heart tremors. Ms. Capitman, who had lived in Miami since 1973, applied her talents to arouse renewed interest in 1920s and 1930s buildings throughout the country. Radio City Music Hall and the Chrysler Building are among the best examples of Art Deco. My whole life had been Art Deco, she once said. I was born at the beginning of the period and grew up during the height of it. Its a thing of fate. Headed a Preservation League In 1976 she helped to found the Miami Design Preservation League, which in 1979 won Federal historic designation for the South Beach district of Miami Beach. Her outspoken, unorthodox manner later led to her ouster from the group. She would push and agitate and cause trouble until people wouldnt speak to her, said Michael Kinerk, chairman of the Art Deco Weekend festival. She was interested in results, not social sensitivities. The South Beach district is now on the National Register of Historic Places, the only 20th-century district on the register. That status brought Federal tax relief to what had been a depressed area. It is now enjoying an economic and cultural rebirth. Chapters in Other Towns Mrs. Capitman, president of the Art Deco Society of America, helped found chapters of the society in several cities, including New York, Washington, Chicago, San Francisco and Los Angeles. She was the author of Deco Delights (1989; E. P. Dutton). She was born in Chicago and attended New York University. She later wrote advertising copy and was a reporter for The Atlantic City Daily World, which has ceased publication. Her husband, William Capitman, died in 1975. He was a market researcher and economist and in later years a teacher at Florida International University. Mrs. Capitman leaves two sons, Andrew W., who lives in London, and John A., who lives in Cambridge, Mass., and four grandchildren. Barbara Baer Capitman, the intrepid little old lady credited with saving Miami Beachs colorful Art Deco district made famous on the hit television series Miami Vice, has died in the city she sought to preserve. She was 69. Mrs. Capitman, who suffered from diabetes and heart problems, died Thursday at Mt. Sinai Medical Center in Miami Beach, according to hospital spokesman Arthur Ehrlich. She was president of the Art Deco Society of America and had organized chapters in cities around the country, including Los Angeles, to preserve the decorative arts style of architecture popular between the two world wars. Although somewhat more whimsical in Miami, the style is exemplified by the Chrysler Building and Radio City Music Hall in New York City and the old Pan Pacific Auditorium and the Times building in Los Angeles. At the time of her death, Mrs. Capitman was putting together the first World Congress on Art Deco and working on a book, Art Deco U.S.A. Last year she published a book about Miami Beachs 1930s hotels and other Art Deco buildings called Deco Delights. Mrs. Capitman became a preservationist in 1975 as a means of making new friends after the death of her husband, William, at 53. She attributed her quavery voice, which her detractors frequently mimicked, to the shock of his death. Within four years, despite opposition by the Miami Beach city manager and Chamber of Commerce, Mrs. Capitman and her Design Preservation League won listing of the mile-square district on the National Register of Historic Places, providing federal tax incentives for restoration. The area is the only district with 20th-Century architecture in the register. It was a tremendous achievement by one personone little old lady, said her son Andrew. Barbara Capitman deserves her reputation as the indomitable champion of the Art Deco treasures of Miami Beach, said billionaire investor Robert Bass, chairman of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The districts 800 or so buildings, designed in the 30s to look like ocean liners or rocket ships or even bonbons to take vacationing Americans minds off the Depression, are the focus of Miami Beachs annual Art Deco Weekend festival, which draws about 400,000 people. In Saving South Beach, historic preservation clashes with development as each side vies for control of South Beach. A spectrum of characters are present, from Barbara Baer Capitman, the ailing middle-aged widow who became an evangelist for the Miami Beach Art Deco district, to Abe Resnick, the millionaire Holocaust survivor determined to stop her. From pioneers to volunteers, from Jewish retirees to Cuban exiles, from residents and business owners to developers and city leaders, each adds another piece to the puzzle, another view of the intense conflict that ensued. Although a number of the areas iconic buildings were demolished, the Miami Design Preservation League succeeded in entering almost half of the neighborhood into the National Register of Historic Places, kicking off a revitalization effort that spread throughout South Beach. Preservationist M. Barron Stofik lived in Miami during this turmoil-ridden period and, through hundreds of interviews and extensive investigation, weaves together dramatic themes of civic heroism, preservation, and cultural change in the passionate human story behind the pastelfacades and neon lights. Barbara Capitman is our 2010 Woman In History Honoree She was born in Chicago and attended New York University.   In her early years she was a reporter for The Atlantic City Daily World and was an advertising copywriter.   When she moved to Miami in 1973, she used her literary skills to help stimulate interest in 1920à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s and 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s Art Deco buildings throughout the country. Much of South Beachs buildings were neglected and abandoned at the time, but Barbara Capitman was a visionary thinker and was greatly inspired by finding the worlds largest concentration of Art Deco architecture. In 1976 she helped found Miami Design Preservation League (MDPL) and led a highly criticized fight to save Miami Beachs Art Deco architectural buildings.   Miami Design Preservation League finally won its landmark battle on May 14, 1979, and the Art Deco District was added to the National Register of Historic Places.   It was the first time a 20th century district was recognized as Historic by the U.S. government. This act brought federal tax relief to the depressed area, and South Beach began to show signs of economic and cultural growth.   One by one, the abandoned buildings were restored into vibrantly colored Art Deco works of art which almost immediately became backdrops for International fashion catalogues, films and television shows; and suddenly models, celebrities, and photographers began to flock to the new pastel playground. Art Deco is the heart and soul of South Beach, and Miami Design Preservation League carries forth its spirit, says Miami Beach Mayor Matti Herrera Bower. Our communitys success story is a tribute to MDPLs championing our historic district. Preserving the communitys architecture, character and integrity led the way to the  economic and cultural revival we all benefit from today. The League was the worlds first Art Deco Society and Capitmans efforts led to the formation of Art Deco preservation groups throughout the United States, Europe, Latin America, Australia and New Zealand. Barbara also hosted a radio show and authored the books Art Deco Trademarks, Rediscovering Art Deco U.S.A. and   Deco Delights Preserving Miami Beach Architecture. Barabara Capitman died twenty years ago in March 1990 but her indelible mark on South Beach history will never be forgotten.   WE are proud to name Barbara Baer Capitman our 2010 Womens History Honoree and have asked early preservationist to come and share a few memories about her and the preservation of the Art Deco District. Perhaps the next time you walk down Ocean Drive you will think of Barbara.   WE invite you to visit the new Miami Design Preservation Leagues ART DECO WELCOME CENTER located on Ocean Drive at the corner of Barbara Capitman Way (10th St) and we hope it inspires you to join in the Preservation Movement that continues in South Beach and surrounding communities.   Click the link below if you would like to make a $50 Donation to MDPL help preserve the memory of the woman who led the fight to preserve our community.   Your donation will include a 1 Year Membership to MDPL and a contribution to The Barbara Capitman archives. August 1976 The Miami Design Preservation League (MDPL) was formed through the efforts of Barbara Baer Capitman and her son John Capitman. The initial impetus was to find a project to honor the United States bicentennial; the Capitmans worked with designers Leonard Horowitz and Lillian Barber to identify a concentration of 1930s buildings in South Miami Beach that the group felt could be a historic district of 20th century architecture. December 1976 MDPL held its first large-scale public meeting, dubbed the Design Forum. May 6, 1977 MDPL was incorporated by the State of Florida. Officers were: Barbara Baer Captiman, President; David Gell, Secretary; Jerry Peters, Treasurer; and Howard M. Neu, Vice President. September 1977 Art Deco Number of Night and Day magazine highlights the goals and accomplishments of MDPL. October 13-19, 1978 Art Deco Week organized by MDPL. The festival was held at and around the Cardozo Hotel on Ocean Drive. Barbara Capitman created the event as a showcase for the Art Deco section of Miami Beach hoping to attract both locals and tourists to the area which was comprised of an elderly population living on fixed income, many living at the poverty level. December 12, 1978 By-laws of MDPL were amended and submitted to State of Florida. Barbara Baer Capitman, David J. Gell and Carl Weinhardt, Jr. were authorized to execute the Articles as subscribers and Andres Fabergas and Michael Kinerk, president and secretary, respectively, were authorized to execute the declaration. Chairperson, Barbara Baer Capitman; President, Andres Fabregas; Vice President, Leonard Horowitz; Secretary, Michael D. Kinerk; Treasurer, Jose Madrazo; Board members besides officers: Jerald Goodman, Claire Major, Joy Moos, Karolyn Robinson, Sol Schreiber, Landon Thorne III, Carl J Weinhardt, Jr., Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. May 14, 1979 The Miami Beach Architectural Historic District (popularly known as the Art Deco District and Old Miami Beach) was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was the nations first 20th century Historic District. July 1979 Portfolio of the Art Deco Historic District was published by MDPL with funding from the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA.) Barbara Capitman, editor; Diane Camber, Assistant Editor; Bill Bucolo, Managing Editor; photographic essay by David Kaminsky; articles by Carl J. Weinhardt, Jr., Karalyn Robinson, Barbara Capitman and Andrew Capitman. September 1979 The Art Deco District: Time Present Time Past, a magazine with articles on various aspects of Art Deco, was published by MDPL. March, 1980 Andy Warhol, world-famous artist and one of the pioneering Art Deco collectors, called the MDPL office in March 1980 and asked if someone would show him the Art Deco buildings in Miami Beach. An appointment was made, Warhol arrived from New York and he was given a top to bottom tour led by MDPL founder, Barbara Baer Capitman and Diana Camber the Executive Director of MDPL, now Director of the Bass Museum of Art. This event was widely covered by the news media and gave our new historic district a stamp of approval from an art-world celebrity. April 1980 The Boulevard Hotel, at 775 Dade Boulevard, was demolished. January 1981 The Anderson-Notter-Finegold plan for the Miami Beach Architectural Historic District was completed (the plan was never adopted). January 7, 1981 The New Yorker Hotel (Henry Hohauser, 1939), at 1611 Collins Avenue, was demolished. Despite sustained protests from preservationists, the hotel was destroyed by owners Abe Resnik, Dov Dunaesvsky, and Isaac Fryd. The hotel, which many consider to be Hohausers most successful design, awakened the community to the need to enact local legislation to protect properties listed on the National Register. The hotels faà §ade was later used in the new logo of the Miami Design Preservation League; the New Yorkers lot stood vacant for many years and is now occupied by the northern-most portion of the Loews convention center hotel. February 1981 Adoption of the first Dade County Historic Preservation Ordinance, which required municipalities to adopt Historic Preservation Ordinances by July 1982. February 4, 1981 City Commission adopted Resolution No. 81-16551 requesting exemption from County Historic Preservation ordinances. 1981 MDPL founders Barbara Baer Capitman and Leonard Horowitz took a cross-country trip to discover Art Deco architecture in major U.S. cities. The trip spurred the development of Art Deco societies in many of the cities, and Capitman began to be referred to as the Johnny Appleseed of Art Deco. 1981-1982 MDPL worked to protect historic buildings by encouraging local historic designation on the National Register District. April 2, 1982 First meeting of Mayors Ad Hoc Committee to draft and review a Historic Preservation Ordinance for Miami Beach. June, 1982 Miami Beach Art Deco District: Time Future was published by Community Action and Research under the auspices of MDPL. The booklet, edited by Paul A. Rothman and Barbara Capitman with graphic design by Woody Vondracek, summarized the Anderson Notter Finegold plan for the Art Deco Historic District and lobbied for its adoption by the City of Miami Beach. June 16, 1982 The first Miami Beach Historic Preservation Ordinance, No. 82-2318, was adopted; it contained 100 percent owner consent provision. September 23, 1982 The Dade County Historic Preservation Board found the Miami Beach Ordinance not in compliance with county requirements. October 20, 1982 The City Commission appointed the first Historic Preservation Board. January 31, 1983 The U.S. Department of the Interior found the Miami Beach Ordinance to be in compliance with National Register standards for local governments. April 20, 1983 Ordinance No. 83-2367 amended Historic Preservation Ordinance No. 82-2318, changing owner consent from 100 percent to 51 percent required for designation. May 4-7, 1983 The Art Deco District came to the attention of the art world as a result of Surrounded Islands, an installation by artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude in which a series of 11 islands in Biscayne Bay were wrapped in pink fabric. During the installation, the artists established their headquarters in the Art Deco District. August 15, 1983 Dade County and others filed a lawsuit to invalidate the Miami Beach Historic Preservation Ordinance. October 5, 1983 The City Commission adopted Ordinance No. 83-2388 designating the Old City Hall building as the citys first Historic Preservation Site. February 1, 1984 The City Commission adopted Ordinance No. 84-2402 designating the 21st Street Community Center a Historic Preservation Site. April 4, 1984 The City Commission adopted Ordinance No. 84-2405 creating a Design Review Board. 1984-1989 The Art Deco District achieved worldwide recognition as a result of the hit television show Miami Vice, starring Don Johnson and Philip Michael Thomas. The show used the Art Deco District as a backdrop in many of the episodes. February 6, 1985 The City Commission adopted the Ocean Drive plan containing recommendations for local Historic District designation. March 20, 1985 The City Commission adopted Ordinance No. 85-2470 eliminating the owner consent provision from Historic Preservation ordinances. October 16, 1985 The City Commission adopted the Espanola Way plan containing a recommendation for local Historic District designation. 1985 Renowned fashion photographer Bruce Weber chose Miami Beachs Breakwater Hotel for a photo shoot for an ad for Calvin Kleins Obsession, spurring an onslaught of fashion photography shoots in the Art Deco District. July 23, 1986 The City Commission adopted Ordinance No. 86-2511 designating the Espanola Way District and the Ocean Drive/Collins Avenue District as Miami Beachs first Historic Preservation districts. These ordinances were adopted after significant grassroots efforts by MDPL. 1986 Our Driveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ocean Drive was a joint campaign by MDPL and its sister organization, the Miami Beach Development Corporation (MBDC), now renamed the Miami Beach Community Development Corporation (MBCDC). As a result, a $3 million bond package was approved to fund the widening of the sidewalk on the west side of Ocean Drive, allowing hotels to establish sidewalk cafes. On the east side of the street, a wide promenade was created along the wall separating Lummus Park from the beach. 1986-1988 MDPL campaigned for local designation of the entire National Register District and revisions to the zoning codes to make them more compatible with historic preservation. MDPL started the SOS (Save Our Senator) campaign to prevent demolition of the Senator Hotel. Although the hotel was demolished (see May 3, 1988), MDPLs efforts delayed demolition for more than a year. The public outcry that MDPL created resulted in the City Commission passing a strengthened local preservation ordinance that could prevent demolition. 1987 The Biscaya Hotel (1925), at 650 West Avenue, was demolished. MDPL mounted an unsuccessful campaign to save the hotel, originally the Floridian Hotel and the last remaining example of the grand bayside hotels. May 6, 1987 The City Commission adopted Ordinance No. 87-2665 designating Altos del Mar a Historic Preservation District. January 1988 The Poinciana Hotel (Albert Anis, 1939), at 1555 Collins Avenue, was demolished. February 3, 1988 The City Commission adopted Ordinance No. 88-2598, strengthening the demolition section of the Historic Preservation Ordinance. May 1988 Miami Beach Art Deco Guide was published by MDPL. The guidebook, written by Keith Root with editorial assistance by Dr. Ernest Martin and Michael Kinerk, contained six self-guided walking tours of the Art Deco District. May 3, 1988 The Senator Hotel (L. Murray Dixon, 1939), at 1201 Collins Avenue, was demolished. June 1988 Deco Delights: Preserving the Beauty and Joy of Miami Beach Architecture, written by MDPL founder Barbara Baer Capitman, was published by E.P. Dutton. June 1, 1988 The City Commission adopted Ordinance No. 88-2616 placing the Architectural District under Design Review jurisdiction. April 5, 1989 The City Commission adopted Ordinance No. 89-2637 designating the Venetian Causeway (1926) a Historic Preservation Site. September 7 21, 1989 The City Commission nominated the Flamingo and Museum neighborhoods for Historic Preservation Districts designation. The Museum area was nominated as a local historic district or collection of historic sites depending on the findings of the Historic Preservation Board. March 30, 1990 Barbara Baer Captiman dies of congestive heart failure. An advocacy program attempts to influence public policy and public actions in a direction consistent with a groups mission. MDPLs advocacy program is guided by its advocates aim to act consistently with MDPLs mission statement: Miami Design Preservation League (MDPL) is a non-profit organization devoted to preserving, protecting, and promoting the cultural, social, economic, environmental and architectural integrity of the Miami Beach Architectural Historic District and all other areas of the City of Miami Beach where historic preservation is a concern. The MDPL Advocacy Committee suggests these priorities for MDPL advocacy activities: Preserve and protect the historical and architectural integrity of the Miami Beach Architectural District, both of its individual buildings and of the district as a whole; Support the historic preservation process put in place by the City of Miami Beach and the Citys enforcement of the outcomes of that process in any area where historic preservation is a concern. Propose and support changes in the Citys historic preservation process and land use policies when necessary to carry out and fulfill the mission statement; Propose and support changes in Florida and national policy when necessary to carry out and fulfill the mission statement; Preserve and protect historical, architectural, and environmental resources in other areas of Miami Beach, especially when designated as local historic districts by the City of Miami Beach, but including any area where historic preservation is a concern. Act to support residents and property owners, in current and potential historic districts, when citizens act to preserve, protect and promote the historic, architectural, cultural, social, economic, and environmental integrity of any area where historic preservation is a concern. Miami Beachs building boom came during the second phase of Art Deco known as Streamline Moderne, which began with the stock market crash and ended in most cases with the outbreak of World War II. It was less decorative-a more sober reflection of the Great Depression. It relied more on machine-inspired forms, and American ideas in industrial design. It was buttressed by the belief that times would get better and was infused with the optimistic futurism extolled at Americas Worlds Fairs of the 1930s. Stripped Classic or Depression Moderne was a sub-style often used for governmental buildings, the U.S. Post Office being the best example in Miami Beach. Miami Beach architects used local imagery to create what we now call Tropical Deco. These buildings feature relief ornamentation featuring whimsical flora, fauna and ocean-liner motifs to reinforce the image of Miami Beach as a seaside resort. Art Deco What to look for Over-all symmetry, ziggurat (stepped) rooflines, glass block, decorative sculptural panels, eyebrows, round porthole windows, terrazzo floors, curved edges and corners, elements in groups of three, neon lighting (used in both exteriors as well as interior spaces). However, there really are three predominate architectural styles found in the Art Deco District: When our tour guide revealed yesterday that the person most responsible for saving Miami Beach Art Deco buildings from the wrecking ball of capitalist progress was a Communist Jew from New York, my first reaction was surprise and delight. But after a moment it sunk in that this was just what I might have suspected. When it comes to looking after the long-term interests of society, whether it is cultural heritage or climate change, you have to rise above the profit motive and who better to assume this role than the Red. In 1948 the 28 year old Barbara Capitman met her future husband Will at a May Day party sponsored by the Young Communist League in N.Y. She was the only child of a sweater-importing father and a mother who was a sculptor and painter. When Will graduated from NYU law school in 1951, he was blocked from passing the bar because of his YCL past. So instead he made a living teaching business and marketing at Harvard and Yale. In 1973 he got a tenure track position at the Florida International University business school and the two moved to Coconut Grove, Miamis version of Greenwich Village. Two years later he died from pancreatic cancer and Barbara was on her own. After moving to Miami Beach, Barbara ran into Leonard Horowitz, a doorman at a luxury condo who was gay and an aspiring artist/designer. They became close friends after meeting and soon discovered a shared commitment to the preservation of Art Deco buildings. The two formed a committee to save the old buildings now falling into disrepair that relied heavily on donations from gay people and senior citizens. Within 3 years, they managed to have over half of South Beachs Art Deco hotels covered by landmark preservation laws. Leonard Horowitz died of AIDS in 1988. The hotel we are staying at is between 10th and 11th streets on Ocean Drive and 11th street has been renamed Leonard Horowitz Drive. Barbara Capitman died two years later. The NY Times obit noted: In 1976 she helped to found the Miami Design Preservation League, which in 1979 won Federal historic designation for the South Beach district of Miami Beach. Her outspoken, unorthodox manner later led to her ouster from the group. She would push and agitate and cause trouble until people wouldnt speak to her, said Michael Kinerk, chairman of the Art Deco Weekend festival. She was interested in results, not social sensitivities. I would say that no social change takes place without people who are outspoken and unorthodox. The fact that she was interested in results rather than social sensitivities should not be lost on those leftists who are reluctant to take on the status quo. In the April 27 1982 Village Voice, Alexander Cockburn hailed Capitman as a true heroine. He quoted her on the Art Deco district: At night when the full moon is overhead, the residential streets of the Art Deco district take on that stagey, solemn simplicity of another era. Moonlight and neon articulate the stripes and circles of the small apartments on Euclid or Jefferson and the swaying palms cast shadows on the curving walls. This is the night world that Thomas Wolfe wrote of in the 1930s-the decade of our districts revival-nights filled with the far-hooting of trains, the nearer sounding of great vessels moving into port, the mysterious rustling of treesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Cockburn noted that Capitman was not able to defend all of Miami Beach from the assault of real estate developers. The South Beach area remains unsullied but the middle and northern parts of the island have succumbed to the forces Cockburn describes as follows: The forces of darkness gathered their nerve, and finally, in 1981 tore off their whiskers and pounced. Anyone who wants to see what might happen to the Deco Square Mile need only glance north of 23rd Street, where architectural barbarism is on the rampage and the condomaniac, behemothic tide marches down via the Fountainbleau and other signposts of Babylon. Cockburn concludes his article by saying that if the real estate developers had their way, the northern sector of South Beach would succumb and the result would be equivalent to the permanent submersion of substantial portions of Venice. Ironically, Art Deco was an attempt to apply the aesthetic of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism to architecture. These art movements were in themselves attempts to approximate the forms of machinery to fine art in the spirit of a modernization stripped of nostalgia for the past. The products of that age now are threatened by the relentless march of capitalist modernization which will result in the leveling of all that is beautiful and its replacement by shopping malls and Walmarts. It is to the credit of people like Barbara Capitman, someone who presumably would have read the Communist Manifesto at some point in her life and who would have absorbed Marxs breathless evocation of the bourgeoisies most revolutionary role, to draw a line in the sand and tell this bourgeoisie to get fucked. Anyone who knew the late Barbara Capitman was bowled over by her undying devotion to Art Deco Miami Beach. A founder of the Miami Design Preservation League, Capitman led the battle to have a large swatch of the Beach listed as an historic district in the National Register of Historic Places the first such district made up of 20th-century buildings. This book is her memorial. Tropical Deco: the Architecture and Design of Old Miami Beach, by Laura Cerwinske, David Kaminsky (Photographer). (Rizzoli, 1982.) Barbara Baer Capitman, born in 1920, founded the Miami Design Preservation League (MDPL) which started the Miami Beach Art Deco preservation movement. She led in the formation of the Miami Beach Architectural Historic District, the nations only Art Deco district to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Her efforts to protect Art Deco architecture led to the founding of Art Deco societies in San Francisco, Chicago, Washington, D.C., Boston and New York. Capitman was also the founder of the World Congress on Art Deco. She was the author of three books: American Trademarks, Deco Delights and Rediscovering Art Deco U.S.A. In 1993 The Miami Herald named her one of the 100 most important people in the history of South Florida. Barbara Baer Capitman died in 1990. Her Great Floridian plaque is located at the Cardozo Hotel, 1300 Ocean Drive, Miami Beach. http://www.flheritage.com/services/sites/floridians/?section=m

Supporting a Smoking Ban Essay -- essays research papers

Smoking I am writing an essay about smoking and whether or not you smoke I would like to share my views with you. As well as my views I will also explain the views of others who support smoking. I chose this subject because it is something that really annoys me. My opinion is against it, especially in public places. My reasons are that it harms the smoker and others. Other people feel that smoking is not a bad thing and support it. My opinion of those people is that they are probably all smokers. My first argument against smoking is health. The health problems caused by smoking are serious and numerous. There is clear evidence here! Heart attacks, strokes, emphysema, abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myeloid leukaemia, cataracts, cervical cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, periodontitis, pneumonia, stomach cancer ,bronchitis, heart disease. In young people, three out of four deaths are caused by smoking! That?s only those deaths caused by heart disease, but it?s a problem as lots of deaths caused by heart disease are due to heredity from parents, lack of exercise, diet, diabetes, high blood pressure, stress and anger and obesity. There are so many causes for heart attacks and death and four out of five are caused by smoking. This is the main argument against smoking, the health of the smoker. Secondly, the person who is smoking is creating smoke. This is not only damaging the environment, it is annoying others. The smell is bad but the smoke can go into people?s lungs and cause cancer which could then kill them. This is known as passive smoking. Heart and lung disease can be caused by smoking so passive smoking could also give you the illness. If someone is standing in a group of people that are smoking, even if ... ...ed to take care of them when they get ill and they probably don?t realise or think of that. Some people believe that when they quit smoking they will put on weight, this may be true as smoking burns off an average of 200 calories a day, nicotine is an appetite suppressant which means you won?t feel the urge to eat, just to smoke. Metabolism is boosted. To sum up, you they don?t get the calories burned off and will be eating more, probably un-healthy things. There are ways to quit and not put on weight. Exercise more, keep healthy snacks at hand, avoid alcohol, and take nicotine pills, patches, or fake cigarettes. In conclusion, there are arguments for and against this topic because people?s opinions can be very different. I am against smoking and have detailed my arguments against it but have also included some reasons for it because so many people do support it.

Gay Marriage Essay

Marriage as defined by Chambers 21st Century Dictionary is one the state or relationship of being husband and wife, two the act or legal contract of becoming husband and wife and three the civil or religious ceremony during which this act is performed; a wedding. Gay marriage has been a topic that has been discussed in the United States for several years now. You have people that have different viewpoints on how they feel about gay marriage more so the big question everyone argues is whether it is right or wrong. We will be discussing gay marriage in this paper focusing on the ethical problems this issue faces. We will look at gay marriage from the deontology theory and then contract the theory from the relativism, emotivism and ethical egoism theory. Lastly I will discuss which of these views I discussed is closer to my view on gay marriage. Growing up I was always told marriage is between a man and a woman and that God wants us to be married and be fruitful and multiply, fruitful meaning having children. This is something that I was told by my parents, grandparents and the church. I chose to discuss gay marriage because it is really something that I have conflicting feelings about based on what I think is right and what I have been told is right, when I was growing up as a young child in a Christian environment. Many Christians quote that God found it unacceptable for same sex relations to take place, because it is wrong. Furthermore, God created woman for man and man for woman, not woman for woman or man for man, as stated in the book of Genesis. You have polls that have been conducted where people still think that gay marriage is wrong. Then religion may be one of the most controversial issues regarding gay marriage, many religions find gay marriage to be immoral and a sin. I think that same sex marriage should be allowed although many of my family and friends wouldn’t agree with my choice. I look at the issue like any other issue that our country has faced like women suffrage and slavery. I don’t think a couple should be discriminated or treated unfairly just because of their sexual preference. The United States of America Constitute states that all men are created equal and have certain unalienable rights. Thomas Jefferson offered as his examples of such rights â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (Mosser, 2010). So shouldn’t same sex couples be allowed to have those same rights, shouldn’t they be able to enjoy the life of an American dream that we all aim to achieve. By not being able to pursue these rights we could look at this as a violation of the Constitution. This can present an ethical problem for same sex marriage. Deontology ethics claims that the way to decide if an action is moral is to examine the intentions. Mosser writes that â€Å"deontology looks at the reason for which an act is done, and the rule according to which one chooses to act. Deontology doesn’t deny that acts have consequences; rather, it insists that those consequences should not play a role in our moral evaluation of such acts† (Mosser, 2010). Any time there is an ethical issue there is an ethical problem to follow that issue. First ethical problem we will look at is gay parenting. Many people believe that children being raised by gay parents will deprive them of normal development. Many Americans believe gay men and lesbians should not have or adopt children and that children would not develop â€Å"correctly† with homosexual parents, although research has shown that same-gender couples are as nurturing and capable of parental obligations as other couples. † (Avery, Chase, Johansson, Litvak, Montero, & Wydra, 2007). In the article Children Raised, 2001 a â€Å"study of 55 children–19 ra ised by lesbian couples, 10 by single mothers, and 26 by heterosexual couples–found uniformity among the categories vis-a-vis social skills, well-being, and academic performance†. I feel as long as a child is being raise by people who love them whether they are male or female and if they are being raised by a same sex couple the love the child would get from both parents won’t deprive them of any development deprivation. Although many children may experience some form of negativity from other people like classmates or people who may be against gay marriage. You might hear sometimes how children don’t understand why their parents can’t be married or they treated indifferently or talked about because their parents are gay. Another problem we have is with control. Society deems that is okay for a heterosexual couple to be out in public hugging and kissing each other in public. You have some cities or states that may prohibit this action for homosexual couples. Society sees this as wrong and I think that is why you have a lot of people who are afraid to come out and say that they are gay. Nowadays people are just a little more open to discuss their sexuality as before they were not because they were afraid of the repercussion that they may face. It is even worst for those who are in high power position like celebrities, government officials or people who may be well known throughout the community, as soon as they reveal that they may be gay it is plastered all over the news media, social networking sites and various magazines. It is really bad when they say oh this person was out holding hands or seen kissing his partner out in public. It is easier if you leave in a state that is more receptive to this like California, New York and Massachusetts. You really won’t see this behavior being favored in the Bible belt (the south). My thing is leave them alone if they chose that lifestyle that is their choice, they should be allowed like any other person in this country to freely walk out in public and hold hands and share a kiss. Now another problem is that some people believe that a same-sex couple raising children could destroy the family and social background that our society currently accepts with an opposite-sex couple. I think a child could still develop normally when they are provided the same love and nurturing necessities of life when provided by either couple whether gay or straight. A child needs love and encouragement to grow and flourish as an individual and that can be provided by people whether gay or straight. The environment a person is raised in does contribute to the type of person that they become, if they are receiving love, support and being nurtured by a gay couple it’s no different than opposite couples. Couples whether gay or straight will have that influence to teach a child what is wrong and what is right in life. As a child spend time with family members whether, gay or straight this will be part of the development process to teach a child who they are. I think a child growing up in a same-sex marriage or relationship will allow a child to learn tolerance and acceptance. They will be more prone to accepting things that others may not and be able to tolerate things more than others, cause having a child in an opposite-sex marriage or relationship they may not learn those same values as much as the other person. Same sex marriage would benefit children by increasing the durability and stability of their parents’ relationship. This will also bring increased social acceptable of and support for same-sex families, although those communities that meet gay marriage with rejection or hostility might not materialize. There really is no evidence that heterosexual couples are any more effective than same-sex couples at raising children. Religion is another ethical problem that we must look at when it comes to gay marriage. Religion as defined by Collins English dictionary is â€Å"belief in, worship of, or obedience to a supernatural power or powers to be divine or to have control of human destiny. Two any formal or institutionalized expression of such belief: the Christian religion. Lastly the attitude and feeling of one who believes in a transcendent controlling power or powers. Religion teaches us to believe in god or God or whoever we may believe in, it also teaches us kindness towards others, patience, tolerance and many other things to help us in our daily lives. Religion also teaches us to be able to accept other that may not be the same as us. Some people, including Christians, Jews, Catholics, etic†¦believe that it is wrong for people of the same sex to have a loving relationship with each other. I think each religion might have different interpretation on the teachings that is in the Bible, once religion ay interpret a section of the Bible one why while another will interpret that same section a different way. Does it might either religion right or wrong? No, it doesn’t it is one person interpretation over another. Growing up in a Christian environment it was quoted from the Bible that God found it unacceptable for same-sex relations to take place, because it is lustful and wrong. Then it says that God created man for woman and woman for man not man for man or woman for woman. As a Christian many people say that the primary purpose of marriage is procreation to be fruitful and multiple and that cannot take place in a gay marriage. Equal protection is another problem. The federal government responsibility is to protect and keep all citizens safe, this includes protection under the law. Religion has played a factor in influencing the votes of government officials to ensure equal protection under the law for heterosexuals but not for homosexuals. Bickford states that religious views continuously look down on homosexuality and condemn it. These views continue to influence the American government and the choices made when voting on laws for equal protection. Our government was formed on the basis of separation of church and state but some people are not able to accept that. So why is our government so influenced by religious organization in dictating what action they should take when it comes to voting on these laws? I don’t know if they fear that they would be retaliated against or loose support or funding from religious organizations. I know everyone is entitled to their own religious beliefs but to allow those beliefs to harm citizens in our country is unacceptable and it isn’t right. These actions cause hatred to spread throughout our country because of that. The government says that every citizen of the United States shall receive equal rights. Now why did the government pass out the defense of marriage act? The Defense of Marriage Act prohibits the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages. I think this act is immoral and unfair because it restricts the rights of gay and lesbian citizens. This act should not have been passed because there really isn’t a reason to justify that act. Mosser states â€Å"The deontologist argues that we have a duty, or an obligation, to treat other people with respect; human beings have dignity, and we must take that dignity into consideration when dealing with them. (We also expect others to respect our dignity when they deal with us. ) As the most famous deontologist, Immanuel Kant (1724—1804), put the point, we should never treat another person only as a means to our ends, or goals, but should regard them as ends in themselves. In other words, I can’t simply use a person to get what I want nor can someone use me to get what he or she wants. We have to consider that other person’s needs and desires, respect them, and try to avoid violating them† (Mosser, 2010). The deontologist in this aspect would resolve gay marriage as stating that all human beings should be treated equally. They are human beings so they should be treated the same way that others are being treated. If a woman and a man is able to marry then a man and a man or a woman and a woman should have that same option. A deontologist would also argue that a person shouldn’t be treated differently just because of their sexual preferences. Deontology is like living your life by a set of rules. Now the rules can be used to push yourself into doing the â€Å"right† thing, even if you’d rather not. Now this would help by saying gay marriage is right and it is the right thing to do for same-sex couples, however there will always be exceptions, and this is where the theory falls flat on its face. You will always have someone who will debate this theory. Relativism is the idea that one’s beliefs and values are understood in terms of one’s society, culture, or even one’s own individual values. (Mosser, 2010). Now relativism on the other hand would say for gay marriage that what’s wrong for gay marriage is not necessarily wrong for someone else. Therefore, you have no right to tell two men or two women that they cannot marry, just because you feel personally that it is wrong. What you believe and hold as true is not necessary what someone else believes and holds as true. Relativism would argue that same-sex couples ould argue that marriage is right because this is what they believe in it is part of their values and beliefs. Relativism says that no matter how you argue a point even if every point is completely proven you cannot change someone’s beliefs. This will not work because it is their belief based on how they were raised, religion or even their social influences. I feel that at people whether heterosexual or homosexual should be afforded the same rights under the law of our Constitution. I just wish people would put their differences to the side when it comes to this topic about gay marriage. What really makes me upset is Christian people that I know in my family and at the church they are so quick to judge someone else and say it isn’t right but I am quick to remind them that we are all sinners. Even though you may not like the lifestyle someone chose to leave you can’t make that person change who they are. If they chose to be with another man or another woman that is their prerogative. Then they are so quick to get upset with the government when it comes to these issues. Everyone wants to bring church into politics. I really thing that is a sticky situation and it is so tough given the country that we live in because of the diversity that our country has experienced. I just feel that if someone choses and wants to marry someone from the opposite sex let them. I would say the theory that closely match my belief given the two that I discussed is relativism. I don’t see how gay marriage would bring harm to children that are being raised by gay parents. I don’t think same-sex couples should be deprived of certain benefits or rights because of their sexual orientation. In the article in USA today for gay marriage it states â€Å"But preventing gay parents from marrying hurts their kids, as does denying them equal rights to insurance and Social Security benefits, says Aimee Gelnaw, executive director of the Family Pride Coalition† (Elias, 2004). Why should we deny them these rights that they should be entitled to? If two people want to get married, neither society nor the government should be involved. Religion should stop having such a big influence of political policies and the deeper the donation the more they lean towards pleasing that particular religion. As stated earlier our Country’s constitution allows for the pursuit of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Nothing gives one person the right to decide what is wrong and what is right when it comes to same-sex couples. What would it be like if the Constitution only allowed certain types of people to be married like only people who tall and has blond hair or black hair. What if they put some stipulation that only whites can marry or only blacks. I am sure that would cause an outrage and scram discrimination. See this is what happens when our government puts limitations on its citizens. This papers has identified some of the ethical problems with gay marriage we have examined what gay marriage is like using the deontology and theory and contrasted it with the relativism theory. I am not gay but I think that a person should be able to choose who they want to be with. I don’t think they should be discriminated against, and at the end of the day it is their choice who they decide they want a relationship with, whether it be a person of the same or opposite sex. Society is so caught up in being in everyone business and who is doing what we want to tell people this is the right way to live or you should do things this way because it is right. Who is to say what that something might be better or right for someone else? Lets’ stop forcing our values and beliefs on others and allow people to be who there are. If they are Christian and they are gay or whatever religion they may be I say leave that between them and their god we should not be the ones judging or condemning them because of something that they believe in or desire. We are no better than the next person.

Final Paper African Americans Essay

Through out history there has been a struggle for African Americans to be accepted in our society. An African American endures many more disadvantages than most white people. The media and other sources have made blacks to look the same and has portrayed them in a certain light that may not be fitting to all blacks. There are many misconceptions that people have of blacks. Many people and organizations have had a part in bringing equality and fighting for equal rights for black people. African Americans have been at a huge disadvantage in America from the beginning. Unlike many other minority groups in America, African Americans in many cases were brought here by force and not by there own will. (000000) The first African Americans came to America in the seventeenth century and were immediately forced to work for Whites. After much turmoil and even a civil war Blacks were finally given there freedom with the Emancipation proclamation signed and ratified in 1863. Even after the proclamation some blacks were still enslaved and freed blacks had little to no opportunity. The struggle continued into the next century as blacks finally received the right to vote with the ratification in of the 15th amendment. The 20th century contained a world filled by a segregated America between whites and blacks through jim crow laws that existed that restricted blacks from interacting with whites. With a history like that it is no wonder that African Americans still have disadvantages in our modern day. America today is known as the country of opportunity. Although there are many opportunities out there it seems that there are more opportunities for some groups more than others. Many companies and corporations still use race as a indicator for hiring employees. In one study done by the National Bureau of Economic Research, people with common black names were less likely to be called back for an interview based on there application alone then black people with common white sounding names. Job applicants with white sounding names needed to send out ten applications to get one call back while applications with common black names needed to send out about fifteen to get one reply. (Francis, www. nber. org/digest.com). The research was done withe resumes of the same qualifications. It is easy to see that Black people are constantly bombarded by inequality in the work force. If there were inequalities just based on names of applicants just imagine the inequality when employers actually see the race of the applicants. Black Americans have been stereotyped for years and continue to be today. The media is one great source of portraying African Americans in certain roles. African Americans are portrayed as criminals, drug dealers and sex offenders in many instances. Many Africans are outraged at how they are portrayed in the media. Protest groups such as the Young African Americans Against Media Stereotypes have done what they can to show there stance on stereotypical media portrayal. â€Å"Majority of the time you see a young African-American male in the media he is singing, rapping, scoring a touchdown, dunking a basketball or committing a crime†( http://www. yaaams. com/) Many stereotypes about black people are incredibly false. Many people still think that black people are only good at certain things like music and sports. This is a very false belief and black people have contributed heavily to all different sorts of fields. Many vital inventions that we use on an everyday bases were invented by black people. The dust mop, pencil sharpener, typewriter, and elevator were all invented by black people. (http://www. black-network. com) Our society would not be what it is if it were not for Garret Morgan, the young Black man who invented the traffic light. http://www. infoplease. com/spot/bhmcensus1. html.

Feudalism

Feudalism Introduction The history of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance continues to attract the attention of many contemporary historians. Much attention is paid to such a concept as feudalism and its major peculiarities. Researchers focus on such questions as the evolution of this socio-political system, conflicts between various interest groups as well as the reasons why it eventually fell into oblivion.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Feudalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is aimed at discussing the major historiographic views on this system. In particular, one should mention that feudalism can be interpreted from a political and legal perspective. This research paradigm is supposed to examine the relations between the main stakeholders such as lords and vassals. From this viewpoint, the main characteristic of feudalism is the decentralization of authority. In turn, some scholars prefer socio-econ omic analysis of this phenomenon. In particular, they regard feudalism as a system that legitimized the exploitations of peasants by the aristocracy. One should keep in mind that contemporary researchers such as Marc Bloch tend to combine these historiographic views. These two interpretations form the basis of their discussions. This is why it is necessary to analyze these approaches in great detail. Furthermore, one should mention that some historians such as Susan Reynolds believe that the concept of feudalism is rather contradictory and it may not fit various societies which existed at that time. Overall, it is possible to argue that current historiographic views on this period can supplement each other. Yet, none of them can fully explain the complexities of this political, economic, and legal system which could vary across regions and evolve with time passing. This is one of the main arguments that should be examined more closely. Critique of the major historiographic views Pol itical and legal interpretation One should mention that some historians such as Franà §ois-Louis Ganshof concentrate primarily on the legal and political foundations of feudalism. Researchers, who accept this approach, regard feudalism as a body of institutions that regulated the relationship between the landowners who provided tenure and knights offering military service1. Therefore, one can say that feudalism is primarily aimed at facilitating the exchange between stakeholders. This historiographic view can be important for understanding the work of institutions which were supposed to re-enforce the rights of these stakeholders; for instance, Franà §ois-Louis Ganshof examines the institution of vassalage which was supposed to reconcile the interests of landlords and knights2.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, according to political and legal interpretation s, feudalism has several important characteristics. In particular, one should speak about the decentralization of authority which means that kings could not impose their will on landowners. Additionally, much attention should be paid to land as the main source of authority. This approach implies that during the period, states in the modern sense of that word were only at the stage of formation. Furthermore, according to this approach, feudalism can be viewed as a system for recruiting military professionals who were critical for the sustainability of the communities which existed at that time. This view of feudalism is one of the major research paradigms that can used for examining medieval societies. Overall, this approach is helpful for analyzing the main political and legal norms of the society. Moreover, this framework can be useful for analyzing the way in which the empowered interest groups regulated their relations. Nevertheless, there are several important limitations of thi s approach. In particular, this historiographic view completely excludes peasants who had no political or legal representation. It should be noted that these stakeholders also played a critical role for the sustainability of feudal societies. Furthermore, this historiagraphic approach does not show how these people could oppose to the existing hierarchy. For instance, one can speak about anti-feudal rebellions that took place in England and France3 in the twelfth century. Therefore, this particular approach can lead to the exclusion of many narratives that are important for understanding the peculiarities of this historical period. This framework can certainly explain the behavior of people who set the legal and political norms of feudal societies. However, one should pay more attention to people who were underrepresented due to existing social, political, and legal norms. The voices of these people could be almost completely silenced. This is one of the limitations that should be c onsidered by people who study the development of feudal societies. Socio-economic interpretation Additionally, it is possible to focus on the economic interpretation of feudalism. This approach is aimed at discussing the experiences of various social groups. Therefore, feudalism can be defined as the political and legal system which was supposed to subordinate peasantry to the interests of the landowning aristocracy4.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Feudalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, this approach implies that this socio-political system can be regarded primarily as the system of exploitation. Thus, this view of feudalism was often adopted by Marxist historians who attached much importance to the concept of class struggle. Although, this particular concept may not be applicable to feudal societies, social and economic interpretations are not fully rejected by the modern scholars. Historia ns who adopt this approach pay attention to the experiences of the most underprivileged classes. One can distinguish the following characteristics of the feudal system: the use of coercion to subdue underrepresented groups; social stratification; unequal bargaining power of different stakeholders5. Admittedly, this approach should not be disregarded because it is important for understanding the experiences of different social groups. Nevertheless, this interpretation does not fully explain the conflicts between the most powerful stakeholders in the feudal society. In particular, one should speak about monarchs and landlords. It should be mentioned that sometimes, vassals could have conflicting obligations to monarchs and land owners6. In other words, one cannot examine this period only from an economic viewpoint because this approach cannot fully the power struggles which existed at that period. This is one of the drawbacks that should not be disregarded. This historiographic cont inued to be used by historians because it is more inclusive, especially in comparison with the paradigm developed by Franà §ois-Louis Ganshof who examines primarily the interactions between stakeholders who could better protect their interests. Marc Bloch’s views on feudalism It should be mentioned that some historians attempt to combine legal and socio-economic views on fuedalism. For instance, one can speak about the works of Marc Bloch. He focuses on the following characteristics of feudalism:Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More the subordinate position of peasantry the decentralization of authority; the use of service tenement instead salary; regular conflicts between kings and landlords7. To some degree, this method lays stress on the legal and political structures of feudalism, but at the same time, it can throw light on the experiences of different social groups. It is important to remember that Mark Bloch distinguishes two stages of feudalism. In particular, this historian believes that economic transformation of feudal societies led to the eventual centralization of power and formation of more powerful monarchies. Overall, Marc Bloc believes that the economic perspective should not be excluded because the intensification of trade and commerce strengthened the bargaining power of monarchs8. Overall, Marc Bloch’s approach is more beneficial because it enables the author to examine the experiences of different stakeholders who represented the medieval society. Additionally, this historiographic view is advantageous because it shows how feudal system evolved and why it eventually disappeared. In this case, one should mention that technological and economical development diminished the role of agriculture and land ownership9. In turn, growing trade could lead in the strengthening of the centralized power. In particular, this paradigm demonstrates the connections between economy, law, and politics. These are the main strengths of this framework. Nevertheless, this approach may not show how feudalism evolved in various in various cultural environments that could profoundly influence the interactions between different groups. Additionally, this approach does not show how individual decisions of monarchs or landlords could have shaped the development of feudalism. This is one of the limitations that should be considered because researchers should not assume that the development of this socio-political system could be predetermined. To a great extent, this perception reduces the role of a separate individual who could also shape the way in which a certain community could evolve. Re-evaluation of feudalism as a concept These approaches that have been described are based on the premise that feudalism as a system existed in various regions or countries. Furthermore, they imply that there are certain common principles which are inherent to the nature of this political and legal system. Therefore, the experiences of people could be similar in such countries as England, France, Germany, and so forth. Nevertheless, one should also keep in mind that some researchers do not believe that feudalism was a universal and consistent phenomenon. This opinion is expressed by different historians such as Susan Reynolds10. This approach implies that it is not permissible to generalize the experiences of different countries. For instance, the institution of vassalage was not the same in different medieval societies. The customs adopted in different countries could differ drama tically. This is one of the points that should be considered. This is why even researchers such as Marc Bloch focus on different lands and regions while discussing feudalism. Apart from that, researchers may examine the distinctions between feudalism in England and Scotland11. Overall, it is important to examine local customs that were not similar to one another. Furthermore, these customs could evolve significantly with time passing. This is one of the reasons why researchers speak about the existence of pre-feudal and post-feudal societies12. In many cases, these societies had the main characteristics identified by Ganshof and Bloc. Moreover, researchers argue that the relations between various groups were not always the same because they could be influenced by the cultural norms established in various feudal societies. This approach implies that historians should not try to twist historical evidence so that it could match historical constructs or concepts such as feudalism. Inste ad, they need to concentrate on primary evidence which can throw light on the diversity of feudal societies. Thus, one can say that feudalism can be depicted as a changing and diverse phenomenon that cannot be described with the help of a single model. These are the main peculiarities of this historiographic view. The main advantage of this approach is that it urges researchers to focuses on the particularities of the feudal system in different countries. In this way, historians can gain better insights into various aspects of feudalism. This historiographic view is also popular since modern researchers examine the cultural peculiarities of feudalism. Conclusion These examples demonstrate historians do not have the same perception of feudalism. The differences can be explained by the fact that researchers focus on different aspects of this historical period. In particular, it is possible to speak about the distribution of power in the society and the norms regulating the relations b etween the main stakeholders. In turn, scholars can focus on the study of economic development and the way in which some social groups could be marginalized. Apart from that, many researchers such as Marc Bloch tend use each of these paradigms. Apart from that historians may discard the ideas that feudalism was a universal construct that existed in different countries. In particular, it is important to mention that feudalism could take different paths, and one cannot say that it could always fit the models constructed by historians. Overall, none of the historiographic views discussed in this paper can be dismissed because each of them can throw light on the experience of different social groups. Furthermore, the use of these paradigms is important for understanding the evolution of this socio-political system. These are the main aspects that can be distinguished because they can be helpful for understanding the main peculiarities of feudalism. Bibliography Bloch, Marc. Feudal Socie ty. Translated by Leonard Manyon. London: Routledge. 1962. Braun, Jerome. Democratic Culture and Moral Character: A Study in Culture and  Ã‚  Personality. New York: Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Ganshof, Franà §ois-Louis. â€Å"Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne.†Ã‚  Cambridge Historical Journal 6, no. 2 (1939): 147-175. Hammond, Matthew, New Perspectives on Medieval Scotland, 1093-1286. New York, Boydell Brewer Ltd, 2013. McKitterick, Rosamond, and Michael Jones. The New Cambridge Medieval History:  Volume 6, C.1300-c.1415. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Murray, Mary. The Law of the Father?: Patriarchy in the transition from feudalism to  capitalism. New York: Routledge, 2005. Reynolds, Susan. Fiefs and Vassals: The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted. New York, Clarendon Press. 1994. Sanderson, Stephen. Social Transformations: A General Theory of Historical  Development. New York: Rowman Littlefield, 1999. Tendler, Joseph. Oppone nts of the Annales School. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. White, Lynn. Medieval technology and social change. Oxford University Press. 1962. Footnotes 1 Joseph Tendler, Opponents of the Annales School (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 158. 2 Franà §ois-Louis Ganshof, â€Å"Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne,†Ã‚  Cambridge Historical Journal 6, no. 2 (1939): 147. 3 Rosamond McKitterick and Michael Jones, The New Cambridge Medieval History:  Volume 6, C.1300-c.1415 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 457. 4 Stephen Sanderson, Social Transformations: A General Theory of Historical  Development (New York: Rowman Littlefield, 1999), 157. 5 Mary Murray, The Law of the Father?: Patriarchy in the transition from feudalism to  Capitalism (New York: Routledge, 2005), p. 10. 6 Franà §ois-Louis Ganshof, â€Å"Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne,†Ã‚  Cambridge Historical Journal 6, no. 2 (1939): 175 7 Marc Bloch, Feudal Society, t rans. Leonard Manyon (London: Routledge. 1962), 13 8 Marc Bloch, Feudal Society, trans. Leonard Manyon (London: Routledge. 1962), 69. 9 Lynn White, Medieval technology and social change (Oxford University Press. 1962), 63. 10 Susan Reynolds, Fiefs and Vassals : The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted (New York: Clarendon Press, 1994), 32. 11 Matthew Hammond, New Perspectives on Medieval Scotland, 1093-1286 (New York, Boydell Brewer Ltd, 2013), 10. 12 Jerome Braun, Democratic Culture and Moral Character: A Study in Culture and  Personality (New York: Springer Science Business Media, 2013), 119.

Free Essays on “Be Careful…” An Essay On The U.S. Patriot Act

When you’re sitting at the computer, you are probably playing games or chatting with friends. Now imagine that a stranger is sitting right there beside you. This person is watching your every move. But know imagine that this person is an FBI agent. Instead of being there right beside you he’s watching you’re every move from their own computer. You’re probably thinking that this could never happen. But quite the contrary, the FBI can monitor your computer without you even knowing about it. In fact they could have your house wired with video camera and voice recorders. And it’s perfectly legal to do it to, according to the US Patriot Act. (Library of Congress) Yes this act is to help the United States combat terriosm. We have successfully stopped a number of terriost operations. The US has also shut down many money-laundering operations also. Yes these are good key components to this Act. But however the US Patriot Act does have many downfalls. The FBI now does not need a search warrant. All they have to have is probable cause. I bet that makes you feel real safe. Let’s just hope none of us have hacked off any FBI agents lately. Even Libraries, not just in Oklahoma but also across the nation are protesting the Act. They feel it’s â€Å"a violation to users rights† (ALA). More than 140 cities and communities in 27 different states have passed resolutions against the act. Don’t you think something is wrong when our own libraries are disagreeing with it? Believe it or not in our own constitution there’s a section against illegal searches and seizures. Article 4 this probably means nothing to you, but here’s why it should. It states that you must have a search warrant, not probable cause. So basically the Patriot Act is saying that article 4 of our own constitution doesn’t apply to certain people. The FBI reminds me of a trap-door spider. They wait silently and secretly watching your... Free Essays on â€Å"Be Careful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  An Essay On The U.S. Patriot Act Free Essays on â€Å"Be Careful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  An Essay On The U.S. Patriot Act When you’re sitting at the computer, you are probably playing games or chatting with friends. Now imagine that a stranger is sitting right there beside you. This person is watching your every move. But know imagine that this person is an FBI agent. Instead of being there right beside you he’s watching you’re every move from their own computer. You’re probably thinking that this could never happen. But quite the contrary, the FBI can monitor your computer without you even knowing about it. In fact they could have your house wired with video camera and voice recorders. And it’s perfectly legal to do it to, according to the US Patriot Act. (Library of Congress) Yes this act is to help the United States combat terriosm. We have successfully stopped a number of terriost operations. The US has also shut down many money-laundering operations also. Yes these are good key components to this Act. But however the US Patriot Act does have many downfalls. The FBI now does not need a search warrant. All they have to have is probable cause. I bet that makes you feel real safe. Let’s just hope none of us have hacked off any FBI agents lately. Even Libraries, not just in Oklahoma but also across the nation are protesting the Act. They feel it’s â€Å"a violation to users rights† (ALA). More than 140 cities and communities in 27 different states have passed resolutions against the act. Don’t you think something is wrong when our own libraries are disagreeing with it? Believe it or not in our own constitution there’s a section against illegal searches and seizures. Article 4 this probably means nothing to you, but here’s why it should. It states that you must have a search warrant, not probable cause. So basically the Patriot Act is saying that article 4 of our own constitution doesn’t apply to certain people. The FBI reminds me of a trap-door spider. They wait silently and secretly watching your...

6 Things to Consider when Applying to Study in the U.S.

6 Things to Consider when Applying to Study in the U.S. 6 Things to Consider when Applying to Study in the U.S. The U.S. is the most popular destination for international students in the entire world. And why not? As well as a great higher education system, the U.S. is the home of freedom, equality and competitive eating (and we’re proud of all of them, for better or worse). God bless America! [Photo: Seattle Municipal Archives/wikimedia] But competition to study in the U.S. is high, so if you’re planning to apply, there are some things you’ll need to know about first. 1. Setting a Schedule Applying to study in the U.S. can be a lengthy process, so it’s vital to set aside time accordingly. It can help to create a timeline for each step in the application process, from initial research into courses right through to making travel arrangements for when you start your studies. 2. Admission Tests Most U.S. colleges use standardized admission tests, so you’ll need to check which tests are favored by the institution at which you’re planning to study. Common tests required for undergraduate students include the SAT, the TOEFL English proficiency test, and the American College Test (ACT). Make sure to prepare for the exam properly, too! 3. Soft Factors As well as test scores and academic qualifications, most American colleges look at â€Å"soft factors† when assessing an application. These include extracurricular activities, letters of recommendation, application essays and other relevant experience you might have. 4. The Common Application The Common Application (or Common App for short) is a standardized, online application used by more than 600 colleges. Using this can make the application process much simpler. 5. Finance Many U.S. colleges operate on a â€Å"need-aware† basis for international students. This is unlike the â€Å"need-blind† approach used for U.S. citizens (wherein a college will not consider ability to pay as part of an application and may offer financial aid to successful applicants). As an international student, you’ll need to check whether your college uses a â€Å"need-aware† or â€Å"need-blind† approach for applications. You may find the application process is quicker if you’re able to pay tuition fees yourself, without needing financial aid. Its funny how piles of cash can make things simpler. 6. Get In Touch! When picking a college, it’s a good idea to get in touch with their international student advisor to ask about the application process (every college is a little different). They should also be able to answer any questions you have about the institution at which they work.

Oil Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Oil Markets - Essay Example This essay looks at the historical of price changes in the oil industry and the influence of market fundamentals. James Smith shares a perspective of trends in the oil prices and takes back to the spell between 1874 and 1974. He argues that during this time the prices of oil were characterized by a stable market (Smith, 2009). During the time, a barrel of oil ranged between $10-$20 (Smith, 2009). This period can be explained to have had a stable supply of crude oil that was accessible even to the remotest nations of the world. Therefore, given the market was with no movement, the price elasticity of demand was insignificant and thus the stable prices. After the ‘golden era,’ the world has experienced insurmountable boom and burst in the economies. The world achieved tremendous progress in the early 18th Century. During this time, the prices of crude oil were relatively low given that the supply was steady. However, the price of oil have increased since and resulted in the worst crisis in the world. The world experienced the great depression in mid-18th century. This was a result of decreased production of crude oil as a result of the war in the Middle East. And given that price elasticity of demand a minimum reduction in supply lead to an increased rise in the price of oil. The 1970s saw the price range between $12 to and $ 53 per barrel and shoot to $ 75 per barrel in 1981 (Smith, 2009). In the subsequent years, the prices continued to drop until it lowest at $12 per barrel in December 2008. However, in July the same year the price has risen to $ 145 (Smith, 2009). At the end of the same year had the price at $40 for a barrel (Smith, 2009). Smith cites a number of economic circumstances behind the trend in prices. There are a large number of factors that prompt changes in the global market for crude oil. The 20th century has witnessed increased and declined consumption of oil at the same time. James Hamilton

In the light of recent examples of banks and companies making heavy Essay - 1

In the light of recent examples of banks and companies making heavy losses from using derivatives, evaluate the risks and benefits of derivatives contracts - Essay Example 211-264). The recent publicised bankruptcies by the Orange County and the British Investment house of Barings purportedly relates to losses from speculative positions in different derivative securities that caused a flurry of discussion, which questioned the derivative investment. There have been several investor lawsuits on losses from derivatives. For instance, in MG trading subsidiary, in United States, in 1993, there were large derivatives positions in futures and swaps in energy. Instead of the prices rising, they sharply fell in late 1993. The company incurred unrealized losses with the derivatives having margin excesses of $900 million. The press reports indicated that the predicament was as a result of the massive speculation in the energy futures and off-exchange. However, not all the press reports hold on to this; others believe that derivatives in MGRM activities were as a result of complex oil hedging and marketing strategy. Negotiation for most of forward delivery contracts happened in summer of 1993, when prices for the energy were falling. The end-users took advantage of locking-in the low energy prices for the future, and the company benefited through developing profitable customer relationship (Carr & Dilip 2001, p. 33-59). The large financial losses from the money market funds increased the public concern on derivative investment. There are hot discussions about regulation of the derivative investment. Most of the negative publicity on derivatives reflected by the popular press is partial contrast to the theoretical arguments on benefits of derivatives. This questions the recent concerns on the risks from derivatives since derivatives have a high likelihood of reducing risks for the financial institutions (Carr & Dilip 2001, p. 33-59). A derivative entails the transaction whose value is derived from the value of the underlying assets. A derivative contract refers to a financial contract

International strategic management ( answer the 2 exam questions) Essay

International strategic management ( answer the 2 exam questions) - Essay Example da Motor Company, it seems that the company had been following a â€Å"glocalisation† strategy since mid 1980s in order to internationalise its business segments giving more focus on local markets. However, the company has recently brought a strategic change in its global market operations, according to which the Honda sets up its own wholly owned subsidiaries across the globe. To illustrate, referring to Aylward (2003), Honda established its wholly owned subsidiary in India in 1999 under the name Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India and announced plans on cancelling the joint venture with its Indian partner Hero. This strategic change is supported by the performance comparison framework, which tells that stockholders expect more revenues as time goes by (Lecture note). In addition, the company has abandoned its traditional manufacturing policies, and adapted to a new manufacturing policy called ‘Lean manufacturing system’ by the end of the 20th century. The lean manu facturing strategy would produce maximum level of output with minimum level of inventory. Also, this strategy would avoid production waste. Strategic change approaches illustrate that a change process involves three phases including strategic planning, project management, and operationalistion. Today, governments worldwide encourage foreign direct investments as it is one of the best measures to promote economic growth. This trend is particularly seen in emerging economies like India and China. Since Honda is a globally recognised company and a potential employment provider, governments tend to welcome the organisation on the belief that Honda can add value to the nation’s industrial and economic status. In addition, since globalisation has eliminated cross border trade barriers, organisations enjoy easy access to foreign markets. At this juncture, the Honda management thinks that the strategic change would provide them with more operating freedom and innovation capabilities. While analysing the

Racial differences (introduction) Personal Statement

Racial differences (introduction) - Personal Statement Example I am a firm believer of the theory that allows for people to remain glued to their own racial and ethnic backgrounds and I am all for their resolute beliefs in them no matter how difficult the circumstances are. This indeed is what I am proud of and it makes me strong and committed day after day. The aspect of my identity that is in line with my work regimes and my academic qualifications are something that I hold on to very firmly. I let the same remain communicated to all and sundry so that my personality develops due to such strong points being on my side. I would rather want people to focus more on my personality traits than choosing to discuss my racial and ethnic priorities because I believe these are insignificant and trivial matters, not providing benefit to anyone at all. Thus I choose not to share such matters with anyone as it creates a sense of animosity between people belonging to different races and ethnicities. The cultural events and occasions have strengthened my perspective upon life and my childhood is full of festivities, cultural exchange, weddings, death anniversaries and so on. I believe all of these points form up as strong basis for my association with my self-identity and this is one characteristic within my personality that I am in love with. My feelings for these occasions and incidents are tied with emotion and a sense of belonging all the same while I have tried my best to remain attached to my roots in the wake of both happiness and grief - a very quintessential feature of my values and the overall upbringing. 4. What or who was influential in shaping your present attitudes towards your own background and toward people from different background' My grandfather was the person who provided meaning to my life. It would not be wrong to suggest that he was and still is my source of motivation that comes from within. He developed in me a sense of finding out the world around me on my own and journeying through the thick and thin of things with a sense of challenge for my own self. He made me a strong person - up for attempting anything in life and this indeed me a tough woman. I cannot think of anything else apart from my rich background and this provides me a cushion to fall back upon in the event I run into problems and distress. I know there are my roots upon which I can place my trust. 5. If your feelings regarding your perceived identity have changed since childhood, who or what has contributed to this change' The only change that I believe has contributed in a small quantity has been in the wake of relationships which in the world of present times have started to diminish unfortunately. Children are getting away from their parents and grandparents and for a woman like me who has been brought up with the patronage of my grandfather; this comes out as a complete surprise for me, living in the time and age of today. However since my personality is molded in a strong way courtesy my family, I know that whatever that is

IRAC Brief Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IRAC Brief - Case Study Example lthy tycoons and political campaign donors Baxter-Simons and Nathaniel Simons, to manage the household expenses, including those of the household employees (Markay, 2015). The parties are to enter into an agreement through arbitration, which will be later notified to the court. Issue: Madalyn Garcia was recruited as a household worker to serve in the 6,700 square-foot home owned by the Simons’ family and located in Berkeley, in 2010, to serve as a housekeeper (Markay, 2015). Garcia was considered one of the best employees at the household, and thus she consequently received numerous bonuses on frequent basis, as an appreciation of her work. However, all this was to change in the April of 2012, when Garcia informed the home owner, Baxter-Simons, that she was pregnant, and thus requested for a 12-week maternity leave (Markay, 2015). Upon this request, Baxter-Simons was visibly upset, but still allowed Garcia to take only a 6-week leave. When Garcia reached 8 months of her pregnancy, she started experiencing tiredness and difficulties in undertaking her duties, thus requested for a rearrangement of her 2-off duty days, so she could have occasional rests (Markay, 2015). This upset Mrs. Baxter-Simons even more and she refused to grant that request, while starting to harass Garcia through asking her to do work that was difficult for her, such as carrying a crate of wine up and down the stairs. The relationship between Garcia and her employer would subsequently deteriorate, and on Aug. 6, 2012 Elan Household, LLC informed her that she had been fired (Markay, 2015). Analysis: The U.S. Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1964, under Title VII, provides that it is prohibited for an employer to treat a female employee â€Å"unfavorably because of pregnancy, childbirth or any other medical condition related to the regency or childbirth† (USA.Gov, 2015). Additionally, the law of California provides that a pregnant employee should be granted up to four months of maternity leave

Bio Poem and Character development Dona Sabine Assignment

Bio Poem and Character development Dona Sabine - Assignment Example Her position in society dictated that she hold herself in a certain high manner and treat her workers in a certain way. That was easy for her to do because as a dancer, she had traveled the world and was used to living the high life. However, the fact that she could mask who she truly was by birth could not erase who she truly was. That is what I believe to be the main reason that she tried to protect the Haitians in her care as best as she could. She could never turn her back on her roots and her heritage. To not help the Haitians would have been to do exactly that. Since she only became a member of the Dominican Republic due to the land exchange between the two nations that share the same border, she became a hybrid of the two cultures. Which made her a unique person with a wider sense of understanding about what was happening around her. It is these intricacies in her character and its development that helped me to understand that the massacre was not just about the crimes the Haitians supposedly committed upon the Dominicans. It was all about social cleansing. Which led me to understand the story even more because there is not a person alive who does not know that World War II was all about Hitler committing legalized genocide in Germany. Which is what happened in the Dominican Republic at the time that was set in the book as

IRAC Brief Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IRAC Brief - Case Study Example lthy tycoons and political campaign donors Baxter-Simons and Nathaniel Simons, to manage the household expenses, including those of the household employees (Markay, 2015). The parties are to enter into an agreement through arbitration, which will be later notified to the court. Issue: Madalyn Garcia was recruited as a household worker to serve in the 6,700 square-foot home owned by the Simons’ family and located in Berkeley, in 2010, to serve as a housekeeper (Markay, 2015). Garcia was considered one of the best employees at the household, and thus she consequently received numerous bonuses on frequent basis, as an appreciation of her work. However, all this was to change in the April of 2012, when Garcia informed the home owner, Baxter-Simons, that she was pregnant, and thus requested for a 12-week maternity leave (Markay, 2015). Upon this request, Baxter-Simons was visibly upset, but still allowed Garcia to take only a 6-week leave. When Garcia reached 8 months of her pregnancy, she started experiencing tiredness and difficulties in undertaking her duties, thus requested for a rearrangement of her 2-off duty days, so she could have occasional rests (Markay, 2015). This upset Mrs. Baxter-Simons even more and she refused to grant that request, while starting to harass Garcia through asking her to do work that was difficult for her, such as carrying a crate of wine up and down the stairs. The relationship between Garcia and her employer would subsequently deteriorate, and on Aug. 6, 2012 Elan Household, LLC informed her that she had been fired (Markay, 2015). Analysis: The U.S. Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1964, under Title VII, provides that it is prohibited for an employer to treat a female employee â€Å"unfavorably because of pregnancy, childbirth or any other medical condition related to the regency or childbirth† (USA.Gov, 2015). Additionally, the law of California provides that a pregnant employee should be granted up to four months of maternity leave

NVQ Business studies Essay Example for Free

NVQ Business studies Essay Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world.